U.S. organic dairy farm trends for fly and pathogen management and barriers to adopting organic practices

Horn flies (Haematobia irritans (L.)) and face flies (Musca autumnalis (De Geer)) are economically important pests of cattle in the U.S., causing combined estimated losses of >$1 billion dollars annually. These ectoparasites can transmit pathogens responsible for diseases such as Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; “pinkeye”) and mastitis. Prevention of these diseases is critical, particularly in organic systems where synthetic insecticides for fly control and antibiotics to treat infections are prohibited. The objectives of this project are to assess U.S. dairy farm trends for fly and pathogen management and identify barriers to adopting organic practices. U.S. dairy producers were surveyed to obtain information regarding farm and operator characteristics, fly populations and associated impacts, fly control methods and associated costs, and barriers to adopting organic practices. Producers identifying as conventional, certified organic, organic transitioning, grass-based, and/or combination were included in the survey. Preliminary results indicate that 98% of respondents attempt to control pests. Insect pests are the most common problem for 46% of respondents, and most difficult problem for 36% of respondents. The average reported annual cost of fly control and treatment per head was $10.20 for conventional producers and $14.47 for organic producers, although these are not statistically different. Production costs and disease treatment options were identified as the largest barriers to adopting organic practices. Results of this project will lead to fly management solutions for organic dairy producers, resulting in improved animal health, well-being, and productivity as well as a reduction in barriers to adoption of organic practices.